Gotchas ------- If you are trying an operation and you see an exception like: .. code-block:: python >>> if pd.Series([False, True, False]): print("I was true") Traceback ... ValueError: The truth value of an array is ambiguous. Use a.empty, a.any() or a.all(). See :ref:`Comparisons` for an explanation and what to do. See :ref:`Gotchas` as well.