.. ipython:: python :suppress: import numpy as np np.set_printoptions(precision=4, suppress=True) import pandas as pd pd.options.display.max_rows=8 Differences with NumPy ---------------------- For Series and DataFrame objects, ``var`` normalizes by ``N-1`` to produce unbiased estimates of the sample variance, while NumPy's ``var`` normalizes by N, which measures the variance of the sample. Note that ``cov`` normalizes by ``N-1`` in both pandas and NumPy.