__license__ = "MIT"
from pdb import set_trace
import collections
import re
import sys
import warnings
from bs4.dammit import EntitySubstitution
DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING = "utf-8"
PY3K = (sys.version_info[0] > 2)
whitespace_re = re.compile("\s+")
def _alias(attr):
"""Alias one attribute name to another for backward compatibility"""
@property
def alias(self):
return getattr(self, attr)
@alias.setter
def alias(self):
return setattr(self, attr)
return alias
class NamespacedAttribute(unicode):
def __new__(cls, prefix, name, namespace=None):
if name is None:
obj = unicode.__new__(cls, prefix)
elif prefix is None:
# Not really namespaced.
obj = unicode.__new__(cls, name)
else:
obj = unicode.__new__(cls, prefix + ":" + name)
obj.prefix = prefix
obj.name = name
obj.namespace = namespace
return obj
class AttributeValueWithCharsetSubstitution(unicode):
"""A stand-in object for a character encoding specified in HTML."""
class CharsetMetaAttributeValue(AttributeValueWithCharsetSubstitution):
"""A generic stand-in for the value of a meta tag's 'charset' attribute.
When Beautiful Soup parses the markup '<meta charset="utf8">', the
value of the 'charset' attribute will be one of these objects.
"""
def __new__(cls, original_value):
obj = unicode.__new__(cls, original_value)
obj.original_value = original_value
return obj
def encode(self, encoding):
return encoding
class ContentMetaAttributeValue(AttributeValueWithCharsetSubstitution):
"""A generic stand-in for the value of a meta tag's 'content' attribute.
When Beautiful Soup parses the markup:
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf8">
The value of the 'content' attribute will be one of these objects.
"""
CHARSET_RE = re.compile("((^|;)\s*charset=)([^;]*)", re.M)
def __new__(cls, original_value):
match = cls.CHARSET_RE.search(original_value)
if match is None:
# No substitution necessary.
return unicode.__new__(unicode, original_value)
obj = unicode.__new__(cls, original_value)
obj.original_value = original_value
return obj
def encode(self, encoding):
def rewrite(match):
return match.group(1) + encoding
return self.CHARSET_RE.sub(rewrite, self.original_value)
class HTMLAwareEntitySubstitution(EntitySubstitution):
"""Entity substitution rules that are aware of some HTML quirks.
Specifically, the contents of <script> and <style> tags should not
undergo entity substitution.
Incoming NavigableString objects are checked to see if they're the
direct children of a <script> or <style> tag.
"""
cdata_containing_tags = set(["script", "style"])
preformatted_tags = set(["pre"])
@classmethod
def _substitute_if_appropriate(cls, ns, f):
if (isinstance(ns, NavigableString)
and ns.parent is not None
and ns.parent.name in cls.cdata_containing_tags):
# Do nothing.
return ns
# Substitute.
return f(ns)
@classmethod
def substitute_html(cls, ns):
return cls._substitute_if_appropriate(
ns, EntitySubstitution.substitute_html)
@classmethod
def substitute_xml(cls, ns):
return cls._substitute_if_appropriate(
ns, EntitySubstitution.substitute_xml)
[docs]class PageElement(object):
"""Contains the navigational information for some part of the page
(either a tag or a piece of text)"""
# There are five possible values for the "formatter" argument passed in
# to methods like encode() and prettify():
#
# "html" - All Unicode characters with corresponding HTML entities
# are converted to those entities on output.
# "minimal" - Bare ampersands and angle brackets are converted to
# XML entities: & < >
# None - The null formatter. Unicode characters are never
# converted to entities. This is not recommended, but it's
# faster than "minimal".
# A function - This function will be called on every string that
# needs to undergo entity substitution.
#
# In an HTML document, the default "html" and "minimal" functions
# will leave the contents of <script> and <style> tags alone. For
# an XML document, all tags will be given the same treatment.
HTML_FORMATTERS = {
"html" : HTMLAwareEntitySubstitution.substitute_html,
"minimal" : HTMLAwareEntitySubstitution.substitute_xml,
None : None
}
XML_FORMATTERS = {
"html" : EntitySubstitution.substitute_html,
"minimal" : EntitySubstitution.substitute_xml,
None : None
}
[docs] def format_string(self, s, formatter='minimal'):
"""Format the given string using the given formatter."""
if not callable(formatter):
formatter = self._formatter_for_name(formatter)
if formatter is None:
output = s
else:
output = formatter(s)
return output
@property
def _is_xml(self):
"""Is this element part of an XML tree or an HTML tree?
This is used when mapping a formatter name ("minimal") to an
appropriate function (one that performs entity-substitution on
the contents of <script> and <style> tags, or not). It's
inefficient, but it should be called very rarely.
"""
if self.parent is None:
# This is the top-level object. It should have .is_xml set
# from tree creation. If not, take a guess--BS is usually
# used on HTML markup.
return getattr(self, 'is_xml', False)
return self.parent._is_xml
def _formatter_for_name(self, name):
"Look up a formatter function based on its name and the tree."
if self._is_xml:
return self.XML_FORMATTERS.get(
name, EntitySubstitution.substitute_xml)
else:
return self.HTML_FORMATTERS.get(
name, HTMLAwareEntitySubstitution.substitute_xml)
[docs] def setup(self, parent=None, previous_element=None, next_element=None,
previous_sibling=None, next_sibling=None):
"""Sets up the initial relations between this element and
other elements."""
self.parent = parent
self.previous_element = previous_element
if previous_element is not None:
self.previous_element.next_element = self
self.next_element = next_element
if self.next_element:
self.next_element.previous_element = self
self.next_sibling = next_sibling
if self.next_sibling:
self.next_sibling.previous_sibling = self
if (not previous_sibling
and self.parent is not None and self.parent.contents):
previous_sibling = self.parent.contents[-1]
self.previous_sibling = previous_sibling
if previous_sibling:
self.previous_sibling.next_sibling = self
nextSibling = _alias("next_sibling") # BS3
previousSibling = _alias("previous_sibling") # BS3
[docs] def replace_with(self, replace_with):
if not self.parent:
raise ValueError(
"Cannot replace one element with another when the"
"element to be replaced is not part of a tree.")
if replace_with is self:
return
if replace_with is self.parent:
raise ValueError("Cannot replace a Tag with its parent.")
old_parent = self.parent
my_index = self.parent.index(self)
self.extract()
old_parent.insert(my_index, replace_with)
return self
replaceWith = replace_with # BS3
[docs] def unwrap(self):
my_parent = self.parent
if not self.parent:
raise ValueError(
"Cannot replace an element with its contents when that"
"element is not part of a tree.")
my_index = self.parent.index(self)
self.extract()
for child in reversed(self.contents[:]):
my_parent.insert(my_index, child)
return self
replace_with_children = unwrap
replaceWithChildren = unwrap # BS3
[docs] def wrap(self, wrap_inside):
me = self.replace_with(wrap_inside)
wrap_inside.append(me)
return wrap_inside
def _last_descendant(self, is_initialized=True, accept_self=True):
"Finds the last element beneath this object to be parsed."
if is_initialized and self.next_sibling:
last_child = self.next_sibling.previous_element
else:
last_child = self
while isinstance(last_child, Tag) and last_child.contents:
last_child = last_child.contents[-1]
if not accept_self and last_child is self:
last_child = None
return last_child
# BS3: Not part of the API!
_lastRecursiveChild = _last_descendant
[docs] def insert(self, position, new_child):
if new_child is None:
raise ValueError("Cannot insert None into a tag.")
if new_child is self:
raise ValueError("Cannot insert a tag into itself.")
if (isinstance(new_child, basestring)
and not isinstance(new_child, NavigableString)):
new_child = NavigableString(new_child)
position = min(position, len(self.contents))
if hasattr(new_child, 'parent') and new_child.parent is not None:
# We're 'inserting' an element that's already one
# of this object's children.
if new_child.parent is self:
current_index = self.index(new_child)
if current_index < position:
# We're moving this element further down the list
# of this object's children. That means that when
# we extract this element, our target index will
# jump down one.
position -= 1
new_child.extract()
new_child.parent = self
previous_child = None
if position == 0:
new_child.previous_sibling = None
new_child.previous_element = self
else:
previous_child = self.contents[position - 1]
new_child.previous_sibling = previous_child
new_child.previous_sibling.next_sibling = new_child
new_child.previous_element = previous_child._last_descendant(False)
if new_child.previous_element is not None:
new_child.previous_element.next_element = new_child
new_childs_last_element = new_child._last_descendant(False)
if position >= len(self.contents):
new_child.next_sibling = None
parent = self
parents_next_sibling = None
while parents_next_sibling is None and parent is not None:
parents_next_sibling = parent.next_sibling
parent = parent.parent
if parents_next_sibling is not None:
# We found the element that comes next in the document.
break
if parents_next_sibling is not None:
new_childs_last_element.next_element = parents_next_sibling
else:
# The last element of this tag is the last element in
# the document.
new_childs_last_element.next_element = None
else:
next_child = self.contents[position]
new_child.next_sibling = next_child
if new_child.next_sibling is not None:
new_child.next_sibling.previous_sibling = new_child
new_childs_last_element.next_element = next_child
if new_childs_last_element.next_element is not None:
new_childs_last_element.next_element.previous_element = new_childs_last_element
self.contents.insert(position, new_child)
[docs] def append(self, tag):
"""Appends the given tag to the contents of this tag."""
self.insert(len(self.contents), tag)
[docs] def insert_before(self, predecessor):
"""Makes the given element the immediate predecessor of this one.
The two elements will have the same parent, and the given element
will be immediately before this one.
"""
if self is predecessor:
raise ValueError("Can't insert an element before itself.")
parent = self.parent
if parent is None:
raise ValueError(
"Element has no parent, so 'before' has no meaning.")
# Extract first so that the index won't be screwed up if they
# are siblings.
if isinstance(predecessor, PageElement):
predecessor.extract()
index = parent.index(self)
parent.insert(index, predecessor)
[docs] def insert_after(self, successor):
"""Makes the given element the immediate successor of this one.
The two elements will have the same parent, and the given element
will be immediately after this one.
"""
if self is successor:
raise ValueError("Can't insert an element after itself.")
parent = self.parent
if parent is None:
raise ValueError(
"Element has no parent, so 'after' has no meaning.")
# Extract first so that the index won't be screwed up if they
# are siblings.
if isinstance(successor, PageElement):
successor.extract()
index = parent.index(self)
parent.insert(index+1, successor)
[docs] def find_next(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, **kwargs):
"""Returns the first item that matches the given criteria and
appears after this Tag in the document."""
return self._find_one(self.find_all_next, name, attrs, text, **kwargs)
findNext = find_next # BS3
[docs] def find_all_next(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, limit=None,
**kwargs):
"""Returns all items that match the given criteria and appear
after this Tag in the document."""
return self._find_all(name, attrs, text, limit, self.next_elements,
**kwargs)
findAllNext = find_all_next # BS3
[docs] def find_next_sibling(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, **kwargs):
"""Returns the closest sibling to this Tag that matches the
given criteria and appears after this Tag in the document."""
return self._find_one(self.find_next_siblings, name, attrs, text,
**kwargs)
findNextSibling = find_next_sibling # BS3
[docs] def find_next_siblings(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, limit=None,
**kwargs):
"""Returns the siblings of this Tag that match the given
criteria and appear after this Tag in the document."""
return self._find_all(name, attrs, text, limit,
self.next_siblings, **kwargs)
findNextSiblings = find_next_siblings # BS3
fetchNextSiblings = find_next_siblings # BS2
[docs] def find_previous(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, **kwargs):
"""Returns the first item that matches the given criteria and
appears before this Tag in the document."""
return self._find_one(
self.find_all_previous, name, attrs, text, **kwargs)
findPrevious = find_previous # BS3
[docs] def find_all_previous(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, limit=None,
**kwargs):
"""Returns all items that match the given criteria and appear
before this Tag in the document."""
return self._find_all(name, attrs, text, limit, self.previous_elements,
**kwargs)
findAllPrevious = find_all_previous # BS3
fetchPrevious = find_all_previous # BS2
[docs] def find_previous_sibling(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, **kwargs):
"""Returns the closest sibling to this Tag that matches the
given criteria and appears before this Tag in the document."""
return self._find_one(self.find_previous_siblings, name, attrs, text,
**kwargs)
findPreviousSibling = find_previous_sibling # BS3
[docs] def find_previous_siblings(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None,
limit=None, **kwargs):
"""Returns the siblings of this Tag that match the given
criteria and appear before this Tag in the document."""
return self._find_all(name, attrs, text, limit,
self.previous_siblings, **kwargs)
findPreviousSiblings = find_previous_siblings # BS3
fetchPreviousSiblings = find_previous_siblings # BS2
[docs] def find_parent(self, name=None, attrs={}, **kwargs):
"""Returns the closest parent of this Tag that matches the given
criteria."""
# NOTE: We can't use _find_one because findParents takes a different
# set of arguments.
r = None
l = self.find_parents(name, attrs, 1, **kwargs)
if l:
r = l[0]
return r
findParent = find_parent # BS3
[docs] def find_parents(self, name=None, attrs={}, limit=None, **kwargs):
"""Returns the parents of this Tag that match the given
criteria."""
return self._find_all(name, attrs, None, limit, self.parents,
**kwargs)
findParents = find_parents # BS3
fetchParents = find_parents # BS2
@property
def next(self):
return self.next_element
@property
def previous(self):
return self.previous_element
#These methods do the real heavy lifting.
def _find_one(self, method, name, attrs, text, **kwargs):
r = None
l = method(name, attrs, text, 1, **kwargs)
if l:
r = l[0]
return r
def _find_all(self, name, attrs, text, limit, generator, **kwargs):
"Iterates over a generator looking for things that match."
if text is None and 'string' in kwargs:
text = kwargs['string']
del kwargs['string']
if isinstance(name, SoupStrainer):
strainer = name
else:
strainer = SoupStrainer(name, attrs, text, **kwargs)
if text is None and not limit and not attrs and not kwargs:
if name is True or name is None:
# Optimization to find all tags.
result = (element for element in generator
if isinstance(element, Tag))
return ResultSet(strainer, result)
elif isinstance(name, basestring):
# Optimization to find all tags with a given name.
result = (element for element in generator
if isinstance(element, Tag)
and element.name == name)
return ResultSet(strainer, result)
results = ResultSet(strainer)
while True:
try:
i = next(generator)
except StopIteration:
break
if i:
found = strainer.search(i)
if found:
results.append(found)
if limit and len(results) >= limit:
break
return results
#These generators can be used to navigate starting from both
#NavigableStrings and Tags.
@property
def next_elements(self):
i = self.next_element
while i is not None:
yield i
i = i.next_element
@property
def next_siblings(self):
i = self.next_sibling
while i is not None:
yield i
i = i.next_sibling
@property
def previous_elements(self):
i = self.previous_element
while i is not None:
yield i
i = i.previous_element
@property
def previous_siblings(self):
i = self.previous_sibling
while i is not None:
yield i
i = i.previous_sibling
@property
def parents(self):
i = self.parent
while i is not None:
yield i
i = i.parent
# Methods for supporting CSS selectors.
tag_name_re = re.compile('^[a-zA-Z0-9][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*$')
# /^([a-zA-Z0-9][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*)\[(\w+)([=~\|\^\$\*]?)=?"?([^\]"]*)"?\]$/
# \---------------------------/ \---/\-------------/ \-------/
# | | | |
# | | | The value
# | | ~,|,^,$,* or =
# | Attribute
# Tag
attribselect_re = re.compile(
r'^(?P<tag>[a-zA-Z0-9][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*)?\[(?P<attribute>[\w-]+)(?P<operator>[=~\|\^\$\*]?)' +
r'=?"?(?P<value>[^\]"]*)"?\]$'
)
def _attr_value_as_string(self, value, default=None):
"""Force an attribute value into a string representation.
A multi-valued attribute will be converted into a
space-separated stirng.
"""
value = self.get(value, default)
if isinstance(value, list) or isinstance(value, tuple):
value =" ".join(value)
return value
def _tag_name_matches_and(self, function, tag_name):
if not tag_name:
return function
else:
def _match(tag):
return tag.name == tag_name and function(tag)
return _match
def _attribute_checker(self, operator, attribute, value=''):
"""Create a function that performs a CSS selector operation.
Takes an operator, attribute and optional value. Returns a
function that will return True for elements that match that
combination.
"""
if operator == '=':
# string representation of `attribute` is equal to `value`
return lambda el: el._attr_value_as_string(attribute) == value
elif operator == '~':
# space-separated list representation of `attribute`
# contains `value`
def _includes_value(element):
attribute_value = element.get(attribute, [])
if not isinstance(attribute_value, list):
attribute_value = attribute_value.split()
return value in attribute_value
return _includes_value
elif operator == '^':
# string representation of `attribute` starts with `value`
return lambda el: el._attr_value_as_string(
attribute, '').startswith(value)
elif operator == '$':
# string represenation of `attribute` ends with `value`
return lambda el: el._attr_value_as_string(
attribute, '').endswith(value)
elif operator == '*':
# string representation of `attribute` contains `value`
return lambda el: value in el._attr_value_as_string(attribute, '')
elif operator == '|':
# string representation of `attribute` is either exactly
# `value` or starts with `value` and then a dash.
def _is_or_starts_with_dash(element):
attribute_value = element._attr_value_as_string(attribute, '')
return (attribute_value == value or attribute_value.startswith(
value + '-'))
return _is_or_starts_with_dash
else:
return lambda el: el.has_attr(attribute)
# Old non-property versions of the generators, for backwards
# compatibility with BS3.
[docs] def nextGenerator(self):
return self.next_elements
[docs] def nextSiblingGenerator(self):
return self.next_siblings
[docs] def previousGenerator(self):
return self.previous_elements
[docs] def previousSiblingGenerator(self):
return self.previous_siblings
[docs] def parentGenerator(self):
return self.parents
[docs]class NavigableString(unicode, PageElement):
PREFIX = ''
SUFFIX = ''
def __new__(cls, value):
"""Create a new NavigableString.
When unpickling a NavigableString, this method is called with
the string in DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING. That encoding needs to be
passed in to the superclass's __new__ or the superclass won't know
how to handle non-ASCII characters.
"""
if isinstance(value, unicode):
u = unicode.__new__(cls, value)
else:
u = unicode.__new__(cls, value, DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING)
u.setup()
return u
def __copy__(self):
"""A copy of a NavigableString has the same contents and class
as the original, but it is not connected to the parse tree.
"""
return type(self)(self)
def __getnewargs__(self):
return (unicode(self),)
def __getattr__(self, attr):
"""text.string gives you text. This is for backwards
compatibility for Navigable*String, but for CData* it lets you
get the string without the CData wrapper."""
if attr == 'string':
return self
else:
raise AttributeError(
"'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % (
self.__class__.__name__, attr))
[docs] def output_ready(self, formatter="minimal"):
output = self.format_string(self, formatter)
return self.PREFIX + output + self.SUFFIX
@property
def name(self):
return None
@name.setter
def name(self, name):
raise AttributeError("A NavigableString cannot be given a name.")
class PreformattedString(NavigableString):
"""A NavigableString not subject to the normal formatting rules.
The string will be passed into the formatter (to trigger side effects),
but the return value will be ignored.
"""
def output_ready(self, formatter="minimal"):
"""CData strings are passed into the formatter.
But the return value is ignored."""
self.format_string(self, formatter)
return self.PREFIX + self + self.SUFFIX
[docs]class CData(PreformattedString):
PREFIX = u'<![CDATA['
SUFFIX = u']]>'
[docs]class ProcessingInstruction(PreformattedString):
PREFIX = u'<?'
SUFFIX = u'>'
[docs]class Declaration(PreformattedString):
PREFIX = u'<?'
SUFFIX = u'?>'
[docs]class Doctype(PreformattedString):
@classmethod
[docs] def for_name_and_ids(cls, name, pub_id, system_id):
value = name or ''
if pub_id is not None:
value += ' PUBLIC "%s"' % pub_id
if system_id is not None:
value += ' "%s"' % system_id
elif system_id is not None:
value += ' SYSTEM "%s"' % system_id
return Doctype(value)
PREFIX = u'<!DOCTYPE '
SUFFIX = u'>\n'
[docs]class Tag(PageElement):
"""Represents a found HTML tag with its attributes and contents."""
[docs] def __init__(self, parser=None, builder=None, name=None, namespace=None,
prefix=None, attrs=None, parent=None, previous=None):
"Basic constructor."
if parser is None:
self.parser_class = None
else:
# We don't actually store the parser object: that lets extracted
# chunks be garbage-collected.
self.parser_class = parser.__class__
if name is None:
raise ValueError("No value provided for new tag's name.")
self.name = name
self.namespace = namespace
self.prefix = prefix
if attrs is None:
attrs = {}
elif attrs:
if builder is not None and builder.cdata_list_attributes:
attrs = builder._replace_cdata_list_attribute_values(
self.name, attrs)
else:
attrs = dict(attrs)
else:
attrs = dict(attrs)
self.attrs = attrs
self.contents = []
self.setup(parent, previous)
self.hidden = False
# Set up any substitutions, such as the charset in a META tag.
if builder is not None:
builder.set_up_substitutions(self)
self.can_be_empty_element = builder.can_be_empty_element(name)
else:
self.can_be_empty_element = False
parserClass = _alias("parser_class") # BS3
def __copy__(self):
"""A copy of a Tag is a new Tag, unconnected to the parse tree.
Its contents are a copy of the old Tag's contents.
"""
clone = type(self)(None, self.builder, self.name, self.namespace,
self.nsprefix, self.attrs)
for attr in ('can_be_empty_element', 'hidden'):
setattr(clone, attr, getattr(self, attr))
for child in self.contents:
clone.append(child.__copy__())
return clone
@property
def is_empty_element(self):
"""Is this tag an empty-element tag? (aka a self-closing tag)
A tag that has contents is never an empty-element tag.
A tag that has no contents may or may not be an empty-element
tag. It depends on the builder used to create the tag. If the
builder has a designated list of empty-element tags, then only
a tag whose name shows up in that list is considered an
empty-element tag.
If the builder has no designated list of empty-element tags,
then any tag with no contents is an empty-element tag.
"""
return len(self.contents) == 0 and self.can_be_empty_element
isSelfClosing = is_empty_element # BS3
@property
def string(self):
"""Convenience property to get the single string within this tag.
:Return: If this tag has a single string child, return value
is that string. If this tag has no children, or more than one
child, return value is None. If this tag has one child tag,
return value is the 'string' attribute of the child tag,
recursively.
"""
if len(self.contents) != 1:
return None
child = self.contents[0]
if isinstance(child, NavigableString):
return child
return child.string
@string.setter
def string(self, string):
self.clear()
self.append(string.__class__(string))
def _all_strings(self, strip=False, types=(NavigableString, CData)):
"""Yield all strings of certain classes, possibly stripping them.
By default, yields only NavigableString and CData objects. So
no comments, processing instructions, etc.
"""
for descendant in self.descendants:
if (
(types is None and not isinstance(descendant, NavigableString))
or
(types is not None and type(descendant) not in types)):
continue
if strip:
descendant = descendant.strip()
if len(descendant) == 0:
continue
yield descendant
strings = property(_all_strings)
@property
def stripped_strings(self):
for string in self._all_strings(True):
yield string
[docs] def get_text(self, separator=u"", strip=False,
types=(NavigableString, CData)):
"""
Get all child strings, concatenated using the given separator.
"""
return separator.join([s for s in self._all_strings(
strip, types=types)])
getText = get_text
text = property(get_text)
[docs] def decompose(self):
"""Recursively destroys the contents of this tree."""
self.extract()
i = self
while i is not None:
next = i.next_element
i.__dict__.clear()
i.contents = []
i = next
[docs] def clear(self, decompose=False):
"""
Extract all children. If decompose is True, decompose instead.
"""
if decompose:
for element in self.contents[:]:
if isinstance(element, Tag):
element.decompose()
else:
element.extract()
else:
for element in self.contents[:]:
element.extract()
[docs] def index(self, element):
"""
Find the index of a child by identity, not value. Avoids issues with
tag.contents.index(element) getting the index of equal elements.
"""
for i, child in enumerate(self.contents):
if child is element:
return i
raise ValueError("Tag.index: element not in tag")
[docs] def get(self, key, default=None):
"""Returns the value of the 'key' attribute for the tag, or
the value given for 'default' if it doesn't have that
attribute."""
return self.attrs.get(key, default)
[docs] def has_attr(self, key):
return key in self.attrs
def __hash__(self):
return str(self).__hash__()
def __getitem__(self, key):
"""tag[key] returns the value of the 'key' attribute for the tag,
and throws an exception if it's not there."""
return self.attrs[key]
def __iter__(self):
"Iterating over a tag iterates over its contents."
return iter(self.contents)
def __len__(self):
"The length of a tag is the length of its list of contents."
return len(self.contents)
def __contains__(self, x):
return x in self.contents
def __nonzero__(self):
"A tag is non-None even if it has no contents."
return True
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
"""Setting tag[key] sets the value of the 'key' attribute for the
tag."""
self.attrs[key] = value
def __delitem__(self, key):
"Deleting tag[key] deletes all 'key' attributes for the tag."
self.attrs.pop(key, None)
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Calling a tag like a function is the same as calling its
find_all() method. Eg. tag('a') returns a list of all the A tags
found within this tag."""
return self.find_all(*args, **kwargs)
def __getattr__(self, tag):
#print "Getattr %s.%s" % (self.__class__, tag)
if len(tag) > 3 and tag.endswith('Tag'):
# BS3: soup.aTag -> "soup.find("a")
tag_name = tag[:-3]
warnings.warn(
'.%sTag is deprecated, use .find("%s") instead.' % (
tag_name, tag_name))
return self.find(tag_name)
# We special case contents to avoid recursion.
elif not tag.startswith("__") and not tag=="contents":
return self.find(tag)
raise AttributeError(
"'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % (self.__class__, tag))
def __eq__(self, other):
"""Returns true iff this tag has the same name, the same attributes,
and the same contents (recursively) as the given tag."""
if self is other:
return True
if (not hasattr(other, 'name') or
not hasattr(other, 'attrs') or
not hasattr(other, 'contents') or
self.name != other.name or
self.attrs != other.attrs or
len(self) != len(other)):
return False
for i, my_child in enumerate(self.contents):
if my_child != other.contents[i]:
return False
return True
def __ne__(self, other):
"""Returns true iff this tag is not identical to the other tag,
as defined in __eq__."""
return not self == other
def __repr__(self, encoding="unicode-escape"):
"""Renders this tag as a string."""
if PY3K:
# "The return value must be a string object", i.e. Unicode
return self.decode()
else:
# "The return value must be a string object", i.e. a bytestring.
# By convention, the return value of __repr__ should also be
# an ASCII string.
return self.encode(encoding)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.decode()
def __str__(self):
if PY3K:
return self.decode()
else:
return self.encode()
if PY3K:
__str__ = __repr__ = __unicode__
[docs] def encode(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
indent_level=None, formatter="minimal",
errors="xmlcharrefreplace"):
# Turn the data structure into Unicode, then encode the
# Unicode.
u = self.decode(indent_level, encoding, formatter)
return u.encode(encoding, errors)
def _should_pretty_print(self, indent_level):
"""Should this tag be pretty-printed?"""
return (
indent_level is not None and
(self.name not in HTMLAwareEntitySubstitution.preformatted_tags
or self._is_xml))
[docs] def decode(self, indent_level=None,
eventual_encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
formatter="minimal"):
"""Returns a Unicode representation of this tag and its contents.
:param eventual_encoding: The tag is destined to be
encoded into this encoding. This method is _not_
responsible for performing that encoding. This information
is passed in so that it can be substituted in if the
document contains a <META> tag that mentions the document's
encoding.
"""
# First off, turn a string formatter into a function. This
# will stop the lookup from happening over and over again.
if not callable(formatter):
formatter = self._formatter_for_name(formatter)
attrs = []
if self.attrs:
for key, val in sorted(self.attrs.items()):
if val is None:
decoded = key
else:
if isinstance(val, list) or isinstance(val, tuple):
val = ' '.join(val)
elif not isinstance(val, basestring):
val = unicode(val)
elif (
isinstance(val, AttributeValueWithCharsetSubstitution)
and eventual_encoding is not None):
val = val.encode(eventual_encoding)
text = self.format_string(val, formatter)
decoded = (
unicode(key) + '='
+ EntitySubstitution.quoted_attribute_value(text))
attrs.append(decoded)
close = ''
closeTag = ''
prefix = ''
if self.prefix:
prefix = self.prefix + ":"
if self.is_empty_element:
close = '/'
else:
closeTag = '</%s%s>' % (prefix, self.name)
pretty_print = self._should_pretty_print(indent_level)
space = ''
indent_space = ''
if indent_level is not None:
indent_space = (' ' * (indent_level - 1))
if pretty_print:
space = indent_space
indent_contents = indent_level + 1
else:
indent_contents = None
contents = self.decode_contents(
indent_contents, eventual_encoding, formatter)
if self.hidden:
# This is the 'document root' object.
s = contents
else:
s = []
attribute_string = ''
if attrs:
attribute_string = ' ' + ' '.join(attrs)
if indent_level is not None:
# Even if this particular tag is not pretty-printed,
# we should indent up to the start of the tag.
s.append(indent_space)
s.append('<%s%s%s%s>' % (
prefix, self.name, attribute_string, close))
if pretty_print:
s.append("\n")
s.append(contents)
if pretty_print and contents and contents[-1] != "\n":
s.append("\n")
if pretty_print and closeTag:
s.append(space)
s.append(closeTag)
if indent_level is not None and closeTag and self.next_sibling:
# Even if this particular tag is not pretty-printed,
# we're now done with the tag, and we should add a
# newline if appropriate.
s.append("\n")
s = ''.join(s)
return s
[docs] def prettify(self, encoding=None, formatter="minimal"):
if encoding is None:
return self.decode(True, formatter=formatter)
else:
return self.encode(encoding, True, formatter=formatter)
[docs] def decode_contents(self, indent_level=None,
eventual_encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
formatter="minimal"):
"""Renders the contents of this tag as a Unicode string.
:param indent_level: Each line of the rendering will be
indented this many spaces.
:param eventual_encoding: The tag is destined to be
encoded into this encoding. This method is _not_
responsible for performing that encoding. This information
is passed in so that it can be substituted in if the
document contains a <META> tag that mentions the document's
encoding.
:param formatter: The output formatter responsible for converting
entities to Unicode characters.
"""
# First off, turn a string formatter into a function. This
# will stop the lookup from happening over and over again.
if not callable(formatter):
formatter = self._formatter_for_name(formatter)
pretty_print = (indent_level is not None)
s = []
for c in self:
text = None
if isinstance(c, NavigableString):
text = c.output_ready(formatter)
elif isinstance(c, Tag):
s.append(c.decode(indent_level, eventual_encoding,
formatter))
if text and indent_level and not self.name == 'pre':
text = text.strip()
if text:
if pretty_print and not self.name == 'pre':
s.append(" " * (indent_level - 1))
s.append(text)
if pretty_print and not self.name == 'pre':
s.append("\n")
return ''.join(s)
[docs] def encode_contents(
self, indent_level=None, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
formatter="minimal"):
"""Renders the contents of this tag as a bytestring.
:param indent_level: Each line of the rendering will be
indented this many spaces.
:param eventual_encoding: The bytestring will be in this encoding.
:param formatter: The output formatter responsible for converting
entities to Unicode characters.
"""
contents = self.decode_contents(indent_level, encoding, formatter)
return contents.encode(encoding)
# Old method for BS3 compatibility
[docs] def renderContents(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
prettyPrint=False, indentLevel=0):
if not prettyPrint:
indentLevel = None
return self.encode_contents(
indent_level=indentLevel, encoding=encoding)
#Soup methods
[docs] def find(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, text=None,
**kwargs):
"""Return only the first child of this Tag matching the given
criteria."""
r = None
l = self.find_all(name, attrs, recursive, text, 1, **kwargs)
if l:
r = l[0]
return r
findChild = find
[docs] def find_all(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, text=None,
limit=None, **kwargs):
"""Extracts a list of Tag objects that match the given
criteria. You can specify the name of the Tag and any
attributes you want the Tag to have.
The value of a key-value pair in the 'attrs' map can be a
string, a list of strings, a regular expression object, or a
callable that takes a string and returns whether or not the
string matches for some custom definition of 'matches'. The
same is true of the tag name."""
generator = self.descendants
if not recursive:
generator = self.children
return self._find_all(name, attrs, text, limit, generator, **kwargs)
findAll = find_all # BS3
findChildren = find_all # BS2
#Generator methods
@property
def children(self):
# return iter() to make the purpose of the method clear
return iter(self.contents) # XXX This seems to be untested.
@property
def descendants(self):
if not len(self.contents):
return
stopNode = self._last_descendant().next_element
current = self.contents[0]
while current is not stopNode:
yield current
current = current.next_element
# CSS selector code
_selector_combinators = ['>', '+', '~']
_select_debug = False
[docs] def select_one(self, selector):
"""Perform a CSS selection operation on the current element."""
value = self.select(selector, limit=1)
if value:
return value[0]
return None
[docs] def select(self, selector, _candidate_generator=None, limit=None):
"""Perform a CSS selection operation on the current element."""
# Handle grouping selectors if ',' exists, ie: p,a
if ',' in selector:
context = []
for partial_selector in selector.split(','):
partial_selector = partial_selector.strip()
if partial_selector == '':
raise ValueError('Invalid group selection syntax: %s' % selector)
candidates = self.select(partial_selector, limit=limit)
for candidate in candidates:
if candidate not in context:
context.append(candidate)
if limit and len(context) >= limit:
break
return context
tokens = selector.split()
current_context = [self]
if tokens[-1] in self._selector_combinators:
raise ValueError(
'Final combinator "%s" is missing an argument.' % tokens[-1])
if self._select_debug:
print 'Running CSS selector "%s"' % selector
for index, token in enumerate(tokens):
new_context = []
new_context_ids = set([])
if tokens[index-1] in self._selector_combinators:
# This token was consumed by the previous combinator. Skip it.
if self._select_debug:
print ' Token was consumed by the previous combinator.'
continue
if self._select_debug:
print ' Considering token "%s"' % token
recursive_candidate_generator = None
tag_name = None
# Each operation corresponds to a checker function, a rule
# for determining whether a candidate matches the
# selector. Candidates are generated by the active
# iterator.
checker = None
m = self.attribselect_re.match(token)
if m is not None:
# Attribute selector
tag_name, attribute, operator, value = m.groups()
checker = self._attribute_checker(operator, attribute, value)
elif '#' in token:
# ID selector
tag_name, tag_id = token.split('#', 1)
def id_matches(tag):
return tag.get('id', None) == tag_id
checker = id_matches
elif '.' in token:
# Class selector
tag_name, klass = token.split('.', 1)
classes = set(klass.split('.'))
def classes_match(candidate):
return classes.issubset(candidate.get('class', []))
checker = classes_match
elif ':' in token:
# Pseudo-class
tag_name, pseudo = token.split(':', 1)
if tag_name == '':
raise ValueError(
"A pseudo-class must be prefixed with a tag name.")
pseudo_attributes = re.match('([a-zA-Z\d-]+)\(([a-zA-Z\d]+)\)', pseudo)
found = []
if pseudo_attributes is None:
pseudo_type = pseudo
pseudo_value = None
else:
pseudo_type, pseudo_value = pseudo_attributes.groups()
if pseudo_type == 'nth-of-type':
try:
pseudo_value = int(pseudo_value)
except:
raise NotImplementedError(
'Only numeric values are currently supported for the nth-of-type pseudo-class.')
if pseudo_value < 1:
raise ValueError(
'nth-of-type pseudo-class value must be at least 1.')
class Counter(object):
def __init__(self, destination):
self.count = 0
self.destination = destination
def nth_child_of_type(self, tag):
self.count += 1
if self.count == self.destination:
return True
if self.count > self.destination:
# Stop the generator that's sending us
# these things.
raise StopIteration()
return False
checker = Counter(pseudo_value).nth_child_of_type
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
'Only the following pseudo-classes are implemented: nth-of-type.')
elif token == '*':
# Star selector -- matches everything
pass
elif token == '>':
# Run the next token as a CSS selector against the
# direct children of each tag in the current context.
recursive_candidate_generator = lambda tag: tag.children
elif token == '~':
# Run the next token as a CSS selector against the
# siblings of each tag in the current context.
recursive_candidate_generator = lambda tag: tag.next_siblings
elif token == '+':
# For each tag in the current context, run the next
# token as a CSS selector against the tag's next
# sibling that's a tag.
def next_tag_sibling(tag):
yield tag.find_next_sibling(True)
recursive_candidate_generator = next_tag_sibling
elif self.tag_name_re.match(token):
# Just a tag name.
tag_name = token
else:
raise ValueError(
'Unsupported or invalid CSS selector: "%s"' % token)
if recursive_candidate_generator:
# This happens when the selector looks like "> foo".
#
# The generator calls select() recursively on every
# member of the current context, passing in a different
# candidate generator and a different selector.
#
# In the case of "> foo", the candidate generator is
# one that yields a tag's direct children (">"), and
# the selector is "foo".
next_token = tokens[index+1]
def recursive_select(tag):
if self._select_debug:
print ' Calling select("%s") recursively on %s %s' % (next_token, tag.name, tag.attrs)
print '-' * 40
for i in tag.select(next_token, recursive_candidate_generator):
if self._select_debug:
print '(Recursive select picked up candidate %s %s)' % (i.name, i.attrs)
yield i
if self._select_debug:
print '-' * 40
_use_candidate_generator = recursive_select
elif _candidate_generator is None:
# By default, a tag's candidates are all of its
# children. If tag_name is defined, only yield tags
# with that name.
if self._select_debug:
if tag_name:
check = "[any]"
else:
check = tag_name
print ' Default candidate generator, tag name="%s"' % check
if self._select_debug:
# This is redundant with later code, but it stops
# a bunch of bogus tags from cluttering up the
# debug log.
def default_candidate_generator(tag):
for child in tag.descendants:
if not isinstance(child, Tag):
continue
if tag_name and not child.name == tag_name:
continue
yield child
_use_candidate_generator = default_candidate_generator
else:
_use_candidate_generator = lambda tag: tag.descendants
else:
_use_candidate_generator = _candidate_generator
count = 0
for tag in current_context:
if self._select_debug:
print " Running candidate generator on %s %s" % (
tag.name, repr(tag.attrs))
for candidate in _use_candidate_generator(tag):
if not isinstance(candidate, Tag):
continue
if tag_name and candidate.name != tag_name:
continue
if checker is not None:
try:
result = checker(candidate)
except StopIteration:
# The checker has decided we should no longer
# run the generator.
break
if checker is None or result:
if self._select_debug:
print " SUCCESS %s %s" % (candidate.name, repr(candidate.attrs))
if id(candidate) not in new_context_ids:
# If a tag matches a selector more than once,
# don't include it in the context more than once.
new_context.append(candidate)
new_context_ids.add(id(candidate))
if limit and len(new_context) >= limit:
break
elif self._select_debug:
print " FAILURE %s %s" % (candidate.name, repr(candidate.attrs))
current_context = new_context
if self._select_debug:
print "Final verdict:"
for i in current_context:
print " %s %s" % (i.name, i.attrs)
return current_context
# Old names for backwards compatibility
[docs] def childGenerator(self):
return self.children
[docs] def recursiveChildGenerator(self):
return self.descendants
[docs] def has_key(self, key):
"""This was kind of misleading because has_key() (attributes)
was different from __in__ (contents). has_key() is gone in
Python 3, anyway."""
warnings.warn('has_key is deprecated. Use has_attr("%s") instead.' % (
key))
return self.has_attr(key)
# Next, a couple classes to represent queries and their results.
[docs]class SoupStrainer(object):
"""Encapsulates a number of ways of matching a markup element (tag or
text)."""
[docs] def __init__(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, **kwargs):
self.name = self._normalize_search_value(name)
if not isinstance(attrs, dict):
# Treat a non-dict value for attrs as a search for the 'class'
# attribute.
kwargs['class'] = attrs
attrs = None
if 'class_' in kwargs:
# Treat class_="foo" as a search for the 'class'
# attribute, overriding any non-dict value for attrs.
kwargs['class'] = kwargs['class_']
del kwargs['class_']
if kwargs:
if attrs:
attrs = attrs.copy()
attrs.update(kwargs)
else:
attrs = kwargs
normalized_attrs = {}
for key, value in attrs.items():
normalized_attrs[key] = self._normalize_search_value(value)
self.attrs = normalized_attrs
self.text = self._normalize_search_value(text)
def _normalize_search_value(self, value):
# Leave it alone if it's a Unicode string, a callable, a
# regular expression, a boolean, or None.
if (isinstance(value, unicode) or callable(value) or hasattr(value, 'match')
or isinstance(value, bool) or value is None):
return value
# If it's a bytestring, convert it to Unicode, treating it as UTF-8.
if isinstance(value, bytes):
return value.decode("utf8")
# If it's listlike, convert it into a list of strings.
if hasattr(value, '__iter__'):
new_value = []
for v in value:
if (hasattr(v, '__iter__') and not isinstance(v, bytes)
and not isinstance(v, unicode)):
# This is almost certainly the user's mistake. In the
# interests of avoiding infinite loops, we'll let
# it through as-is rather than doing a recursive call.
new_value.append(v)
else:
new_value.append(self._normalize_search_value(v))
return new_value
# Otherwise, convert it into a Unicode string.
# The unicode(str()) thing is so this will do the same thing on Python 2
# and Python 3.
return unicode(str(value))
def __str__(self):
if self.text:
return self.text
else:
return "%s|%s" % (self.name, self.attrs)
[docs] def search_tag(self, markup_name=None, markup_attrs={}):
found = None
markup = None
if isinstance(markup_name, Tag):
markup = markup_name
markup_attrs = markup
call_function_with_tag_data = (
isinstance(self.name, collections.Callable)
and not isinstance(markup_name, Tag))
if ((not self.name)
or call_function_with_tag_data
or (markup and self._matches(markup, self.name))
or (not markup and self._matches(markup_name, self.name))):
if call_function_with_tag_data:
match = self.name(markup_name, markup_attrs)
else:
match = True
markup_attr_map = None
for attr, match_against in list(self.attrs.items()):
if not markup_attr_map:
if hasattr(markup_attrs, 'get'):
markup_attr_map = markup_attrs
else:
markup_attr_map = {}
for k, v in markup_attrs:
markup_attr_map[k] = v
attr_value = markup_attr_map.get(attr)
if not self._matches(attr_value, match_against):
match = False
break
if match:
if markup:
found = markup
else:
found = markup_name
if found and self.text and not self._matches(found.string, self.text):
found = None
return found
searchTag = search_tag
[docs] def search(self, markup):
# print 'looking for %s in %s' % (self, markup)
found = None
# If given a list of items, scan it for a text element that
# matches.
if hasattr(markup, '__iter__') and not isinstance(markup, (Tag, basestring)):
for element in markup:
if isinstance(element, NavigableString) \
and self.search(element):
found = element
break
# If it's a Tag, make sure its name or attributes match.
# Don't bother with Tags if we're searching for text.
elif isinstance(markup, Tag):
if not self.text or self.name or self.attrs:
found = self.search_tag(markup)
# If it's text, make sure the text matches.
elif isinstance(markup, NavigableString) or \
isinstance(markup, basestring):
if not self.name and not self.attrs and self._matches(markup, self.text):
found = markup
else:
raise Exception(
"I don't know how to match against a %s" % markup.__class__)
return found
def _matches(self, markup, match_against):
# print u"Matching %s against %s" % (markup, match_against)
result = False
if isinstance(markup, list) or isinstance(markup, tuple):
# This should only happen when searching a multi-valued attribute
# like 'class'.
if (isinstance(match_against, unicode)
and ' ' in match_against):
# A bit of a special case. If they try to match "foo
# bar" on a multivalue attribute's value, only accept
# the literal value "foo bar"
#
# XXX This is going to be pretty slow because we keep
# splitting match_against. But it shouldn't come up
# too often.
return (whitespace_re.split(match_against) == markup)
else:
for item in markup:
if self._matches(item, match_against):
return True
return False
if match_against is True:
# True matches any non-None value.
return markup is not None
if isinstance(match_against, collections.Callable):
return match_against(markup)
# Custom callables take the tag as an argument, but all
# other ways of matching match the tag name as a string.
if isinstance(markup, Tag):
markup = markup.name
# Ensure that `markup` is either a Unicode string, or None.
markup = self._normalize_search_value(markup)
if markup is None:
# None matches None, False, an empty string, an empty list, and so on.
return not match_against
if isinstance(match_against, unicode):
# Exact string match
return markup == match_against
if hasattr(match_against, 'match'):
# Regexp match
return match_against.search(markup)
if hasattr(match_against, '__iter__'):
# The markup must be an exact match against something
# in the iterable.
return markup in match_against
[docs]class ResultSet(list):
"""A ResultSet is just a list that keeps track of the SoupStrainer
that created it."""
[docs] def __init__(self, source, result=()):
super(ResultSet, self).__init__(result)
self.source = source