4. zipfile
— Work with ZIP archives¶
New in version 1.6.
The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard. This module provides tools to create, read, write, append, and list a ZIP file. Any advanced use of this module will require an understanding of the format, as defined in PKZIP Application Note.
This module does not currently handle multi-disk ZIP files. It can handle ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions (that is ZIP files that are more than 4 GByte in size). It supports decryption of encrypted files in ZIP archives, but it currently cannot create an encrypted file. Decryption is extremely slow as it is implemented in native Python rather than C.
The module defines the following items:
-
exception
zipfile.
LargeZipFile
[source]¶ The error raised when a ZIP file would require ZIP64 functionality but that has not been enabled.
-
class
zipfile.
ZipFile
[source] The class for reading and writing ZIP files. See section ZipFile Objects for constructor details.
-
class
zipfile.
ZipInfo
([filename[, date_time]])[source]¶ Class used to represent information about a member of an archive. Instances of this class are returned by the
getinfo()
andinfolist()
methods ofZipFile
objects. Most users of thezipfile
module will not need to create these, but only use those created by this module. filename should be the full name of the archive member, and date_time should be a tuple containing six fields which describe the time of the last modification to the file; the fields are described in section ZipInfo Objects.
-
zipfile.
is_zipfile
(filename)[source]¶ Returns
True
if filename is a valid ZIP file based on its magic number, otherwise returnsFalse
. filename may be a file or file-like object too.Changed in version 2.7: Support for file and file-like objects.
-
zipfile.
ZIP_STORED
¶ The numeric constant for an uncompressed archive member.
-
zipfile.
ZIP_DEFLATED
¶ The numeric constant for the usual ZIP compression method. This requires the
zlib
module. No other compression methods are currently supported.
See also
- PKZIP Application Note
- Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and algorithms used.
- Info-ZIP Home Page
- Information about the Info-ZIP project’s ZIP archive programs and development libraries.
4.1. ZipFile Objects¶
-
class
zipfile.
ZipFile
(file[, mode[, compression[, allowZip64]]])[source]¶ Open a ZIP file, where file can be either a path to a file (a string) or a file-like object. The mode parameter should be
'r'
to read an existing file,'w'
to truncate and write a new file, or'a'
to append to an existing file. If mode is'a'
and file refers to an existing ZIP file, then additional files are added to it. If file does not refer to a ZIP file, then a new ZIP archive is appended to the file. This is meant for adding a ZIP archive to another file (such aspython.exe
).Changed in version 2.6: If mode is
a
and the file does not exist at all, it is created.compression is the ZIP compression method to use when writing the archive, and should be
ZIP_STORED
orZIP_DEFLATED
; unrecognized values will causeRuntimeError
to be raised. IfZIP_DEFLATED
is specified but thezlib
module is not available,RuntimeError
is also raised. The default isZIP_STORED
. If allowZip64 isTrue
zipfile will create ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions when the zipfile is larger than 2 GB. If it is false (the default)zipfile
will raise an exception when the ZIP file would require ZIP64 extensions. ZIP64 extensions are disabled by default because the default zip and unzip commands on Unix (the InfoZIP utilities) don’t support these extensions.Changed in version 2.7.1: If the file is created with mode
'a'
or'w'
and thenclosed
without adding any files to the archive, the appropriate ZIP structures for an empty archive will be written to the file.ZipFile is also a context manager and therefore supports the
with
statement. In the example, myzip is closed after thewith
statement’s suite is finished—even if an exception occurs:with ZipFile('spam.zip', 'w') as myzip: myzip.write('eggs.txt')
New in version 2.7: Added the ability to use
ZipFile
as a context manager.
-
ZipFile.
close
()[source]¶ Close the archive file. You must call
close()
before exiting your program or essential records will not be written.
-
ZipFile.
getinfo
(name)[source]¶ Return a
ZipInfo
object with information about the archive member name. Callinggetinfo()
for a name not currently contained in the archive will raise aKeyError
.
-
ZipFile.
infolist
()[source]¶ Return a list containing a
ZipInfo
object for each member of the archive. The objects are in the same order as their entries in the actual ZIP file on disk if an existing archive was opened.
-
ZipFile.
open
(name[, mode[, pwd]])[source]¶ Extract a member from the archive as a file-like object (ZipExtFile). name is the name of the file in the archive, or a
ZipInfo
object. The mode parameter, if included, must be one of the following:'r'
(the default),'U'
, or'rU'
. Choosing'U'
or'rU'
will enable universal newline support in the read-only object. pwd is the password used for encrypted files. Callingopen()
on a closed ZipFile will raise aRuntimeError
.Note
The file-like object is read-only and provides the following methods:
read()
,readline()
,readlines()
,__iter__()
,next()
.Note
If the ZipFile was created by passing in a file-like object as the first argument to the constructor, then the object returned by
open()
shares the ZipFile’s file pointer. Under these circumstances, the object returned byopen()
should not be used after any additional operations are performed on the ZipFile object. If the ZipFile was created by passing in a string (the filename) as the first argument to the constructor, thenopen()
will create a new file object that will be held by the ZipExtFile, allowing it to operate independently of the ZipFile.Note
The
open()
,read()
andextract()
methods can take a filename or aZipInfo
object. You will appreciate this when trying to read a ZIP file that contains members with duplicate names.New in version 2.6.
-
ZipFile.
extract
(member[, path[, pwd]])[source]¶ Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory; member must be its full name or a
ZipInfo
object). Its file information is extracted as accurately as possible. path specifies a different directory to extract to. member can be a filename or aZipInfo
object. pwd is the password used for encrypted files.Returns the normalized path created (a directory or new file).
New in version 2.6.
Note
If a member filename is an absolute path, a drive/UNC sharepoint and leading (back)slashes will be stripped, e.g.:
///foo/bar
becomesfoo/bar
on Unix, andC:\foo\bar
becomesfoo\bar
on Windows. And all".."
components in a member filename will be removed, e.g.:../../foo../../ba..r
becomesfoo../ba..r
. On Windows illegal characters (:
,<
,>
,|
,"
,?
, and*
) replaced by underscore (_
).
-
ZipFile.
extractall
([path[, members[, pwd]]])[source]¶ Extract all members from the archive to the current working directory. path specifies a different directory to extract to. members is optional and must be a subset of the list returned by
namelist()
. pwd is the password used for encrypted files.Warning
Never extract archives from untrusted sources without prior inspection. It is possible that files are created outside of path, e.g. members that have absolute filenames starting with
"/"
or filenames with two dots".."
.Changed in version 2.7.4: The zipfile module attempts to prevent that. See
extract()
note.New in version 2.6.
-
ZipFile.
setpassword
(pwd)[source]¶ Set pwd as default password to extract encrypted files.
New in version 2.6.
-
ZipFile.
read
(name[, pwd])[source]¶ Return the bytes of the file name in the archive. name is the name of the file in the archive, or a
ZipInfo
object. The archive must be open for read or append. pwd is the password used for encrypted files and, if specified, it will override the default password set withsetpassword()
. Callingread()
on a closed ZipFile will raise aRuntimeError
.Changed in version 2.6: pwd was added, and name can now be a
ZipInfo
object.
-
ZipFile.
testzip
()[source]¶ Read all the files in the archive and check their CRC’s and file headers. Return the name of the first bad file, or else return
None
. Callingtestzip()
on a closed ZipFile will raise aRuntimeError
.
-
ZipFile.
write
(filename[, arcname[, compress_type]])[source]¶ Write the file named filename to the archive, giving it the archive name arcname (by default, this will be the same as filename, but without a drive letter and with leading path separators removed). If given, compress_type overrides the value given for the compression parameter to the constructor for the new entry. The archive must be open with mode
'w'
or'a'
– callingwrite()
on a ZipFile created with mode'r'
will raise aRuntimeError
. Callingwrite()
on a closed ZipFile will raise aRuntimeError
.Note
There is no official file name encoding for ZIP files. If you have unicode file names, you must convert them to byte strings in your desired encoding before passing them to
write()
. WinZip interprets all file names as encoded in CP437, also known as DOS Latin.Note
Archive names should be relative to the archive root, that is, they should not start with a path separator.
Note
If
arcname
(orfilename
, ifarcname
is not given) contains a null byte, the name of the file in the archive will be truncated at the null byte.
-
ZipFile.
writestr
(zinfo_or_arcname, bytes[, compress_type])[source]¶ Write the string bytes to the archive; zinfo_or_arcname is either the file name it will be given in the archive, or a
ZipInfo
instance. If it’s an instance, at least the filename, date, and time must be given. If it’s a name, the date and time is set to the current date and time. The archive must be opened with mode'w'
or'a'
– callingwritestr()
on a ZipFile created with mode'r'
will raise aRuntimeError
. Callingwritestr()
on a closed ZipFile will raise aRuntimeError
.If given, compress_type overrides the value given for the compression parameter to the constructor for the new entry, or in the zinfo_or_arcname (if that is a
ZipInfo
instance).Note
When passing a
ZipInfo
instance as the zinfo_or_arcname parameter, the compression method used will be that specified in the compress_type member of the givenZipInfo
instance. By default, theZipInfo
constructor sets this member toZIP_STORED
.Changed in version 2.7: The compress_type argument.
The following data attributes are also available:
-
ZipFile.
debug
¶ The level of debug output to use. This may be set from
0
(the default, no output) to3
(the most output). Debugging information is written tosys.stdout
.
4.2. PyZipFile Objects¶
The PyZipFile
constructor takes the same parameters as the
ZipFile
constructor. Instances have one method in addition to those of
ZipFile
objects.
-
PyZipFile.
writepy
(pathname[, basename])[source]¶ Search for files
*.py
and add the corresponding file to the archive. The corresponding file is a*.pyo
file if available, else a*.pyc
file, compiling if necessary. If the pathname is a file, the filename must end with.py
, and just the (corresponding*.py[co]
) file is added at the top level (no path information). If the pathname is a file that does not end with.py
, aRuntimeError
will be raised. If it is a directory, and the directory is not a package directory, then all the files*.py[co]
are added at the top level. If the directory is a package directory, then all*.py[co]
are added under the package name as a file path, and if any subdirectories are package directories, all of these are added recursively. basename is intended for internal use only. Thewritepy()
method makes archives with file names like this:string.pyc # Top level name test/__init__.pyc # Package directory test/test_support.pyc # Module test.test_support test/bogus/__init__.pyc # Subpackage directory test/bogus/myfile.pyc # Submodule test.bogus.myfile
4.3. ZipInfo Objects¶
Instances of the ZipInfo
class are returned by the getinfo()
and
infolist()
methods of ZipFile
objects. Each object stores
information about a single member of the ZIP archive.
Instances have the following attributes:
-
ZipInfo.
filename
¶ Name of the file in the archive.
-
ZipInfo.
date_time
¶ The time and date of the last modification to the archive member. This is a tuple of six values:
Index Value 0
Year (>= 1980) 1
Month (one-based) 2
Day of month (one-based) 3
Hours (zero-based) 4
Minutes (zero-based) 5
Seconds (zero-based) Note
The ZIP file format does not support timestamps before 1980.
-
ZipInfo.
compress_type
¶ Type of compression for the archive member.
-
ZipInfo.
comment
¶ Comment for the individual archive member.
-
ZipInfo.
extra
¶ Expansion field data. The PKZIP Application Note contains some comments on the internal structure of the data contained in this string.
-
ZipInfo.
create_system
¶ System which created ZIP archive.
-
ZipInfo.
create_version
¶ PKZIP version which created ZIP archive.
-
ZipInfo.
extract_version
¶ PKZIP version needed to extract archive.
-
ZipInfo.
reserved
¶ Must be zero.
-
ZipInfo.
flag_bits
¶ ZIP flag bits.
-
ZipInfo.
volume
¶ Volume number of file header.
-
ZipInfo.
internal_attr
¶ Internal attributes.
-
ZipInfo.
external_attr
¶ External file attributes.
-
ZipInfo.
header_offset
¶ Byte offset to the file header.
-
ZipInfo.
CRC
¶ CRC-32 of the uncompressed file.
-
ZipInfo.
compress_size
¶ Size of the compressed data.
-
ZipInfo.
file_size
¶ Size of the uncompressed file.