7. glob
— Unix style pathname pattern expansion¶
Source code: :source:`Lib/glob.py`
The glob
module finds all the pathnames matching a specified pattern
according to the rules used by the Unix shell, although results are returned in
arbitrary order. No tilde expansion is done, but *
, ?
, and character
ranges expressed with []
will be correctly matched. This is done by using
the os.listdir()
and fnmatch.fnmatch()
functions in concert, and
not by actually invoking a subshell. Note that unlike fnmatch.fnmatch()
,
glob
treats filenames beginning with a dot (.
) as special cases.
(For tilde and shell variable expansion, use os.path.expanduser()
and
os.path.expandvars()
.)
For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets.
For example, '[?]'
matches the character '?'
.
-
glob.
glob
(pathname)[source]¶ Return a possibly-empty list of path names that match pathname, which must be a string containing a path specification. pathname can be either absolute (like
/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile
) or relative (like../../Tools/*/*.gif
), and can contain shell-style wildcards. Broken symlinks are included in the results (as in the shell).
-
glob.
iglob
(pathname)[source]¶ Return an iterator which yields the same values as
glob()
without actually storing them all simultaneously.New in version 2.5.
For example, consider a directory containing only the following files:
1.gif
, 2.txt
, and card.gif
. glob()
will produce
the following results. Notice how any leading components of the path are
preserved.
>>> import glob
>>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*')
['./1.gif', './2.txt']
>>> glob.glob('*.gif')
['1.gif', 'card.gif']
>>> glob.glob('?.gif')
['1.gif']
If the directory contains files starting with .
they won’t be matched by
default. For example, consider a directory containing card.gif
and
.card.gif
:
>>> import glob
>>> glob.glob('*.gif')
['card.gif']
>>> glob.glob('.c*')
['.card.gif']
See also
- Module
fnmatch
- Shell-style filename (not path) expansion