4.8.5.1.1. statsmodels.tsa.interp.denton.dentonm

statsmodels.tsa.interp.denton.dentonm(indicator, benchmark, freq='aq', **kwargs)

Modified Denton’s method to convert low-frequency to high-frequency data.

Uses proportionate first-differences as the penalty function. See notes.

Parameters:

indicator

A low-frequency indicator series. It is assumed that there are no pre-sample indicators. Ie., the first indicators line up with the first benchmark.

benchmark : array-like

The higher frequency benchmark. A 1d or 2d data series in columns. If 2d, then M series are assumed.

freq : str {“aq”,”qm”, “other”}

“aq” - Benchmarking an annual series to quarterly. “mq” - Benchmarking a quarterly series to monthly. “other” - Custom stride. A kwarg, k, must be supplied.

kwargs :

k

: int

The number of high-frequency observations that sum to make an aggregate low-frequency observation. k is used with freq == “other”.

Returns

——-

benchmarked series : array

Notes

Denton’s method minimizes the distance given by the penalty function, in a least squares sense, between the unknown benchmarked series and the indicator series subject to the condition that the sum of the benchmarked series is equal to the benchmark. The modification allows that the first value not be pre-determined as is the case with Denton’s original method. If the there is no benchmark provided for the last few indicator observations, then extrapolation is performed using the last benchmark-indicator ratio of the previous period.

Minimizes sum((X[t]/I[t] - X[t-1]/I[t-1])**2)

s.t.

sum(X) = A, for each period. Where X is the benchmarked series, I is the indicator, and A is the benchmark.

References

Bloem, A.M, Dippelsman, R.J. and Maehle, N.O. 2001 Quarterly National

Accounts Manual–Concepts, Data Sources, and Compilation. IMF. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/qna/2000/Textbook/index.htm

Cholette, P. 1988. “Benchmarking systems of socio-economic time series.”

Statistics Canada, Time Series Research and Analysis Division, Working Paper No TSRA-88-017E.

Denton, F.T. 1971. “Adjustment of monthly or quarterly series to annual

totals: an approach based on quadratic minimization.” Journal of the American Statistical Association. 99-102.

Examples

>>> indicator = [50,100,150,100] * 5
>>> benchmark = [500,400,300,400,500]
>>> benchmarked = dentonm(indicator, benchmark, freq="aq")